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Osteoporosis treatment focuses on strengthening existing bone, slowing bone density loss, and preventing fractures through a combination of medication, dietary supplements, and lifestyle changes.
1. Pharmacological Treatments
Medications are often prescribed based on your Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) score and bone density DEXA scan results.
- Bisphosphonates: The most common first-line treatment. They work by slowing down the cells that break down bone.
- Pills (Weekly/Monthly): Alendronate (Fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia), and Ibandronate (Boniva).
- Intravenous (IV) Infusions: Zoledronic acid (Reclast) is given once a year.
- RANK Ligand Inhibitors: Denosumab (Prolia) is an injection given every six months, often for those who cannot tolerate bisphosphonates.
- Anabolic (Bone-Building) Agents: These stimulate new bone growth and are usually reserved for severe cases.
- Teriparatide (Forteo) and Abaloparatide (Tymlos): Daily self-injections for up to two years.
- Romosozumab (Evenity): Monthly injections at a doctor’s office for one year.
- Hormone-Related Therapies:
- Raloxifene (Evista): A daily pill that mimics estrogen’s bone benefits without some of its risks.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Primarily used for younger postmenopausal women to manage symptoms while protecting bones.
2. Essential Nutrition & Supplements
Medication is most effective when combined with proper intake of bone-building nutrients.
- Calcium: Recommended daily intake is typically 1,000 mg for men (ages 50–70) and 1,200 mg for women (51+) and older men (71+).
- Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption. Most adults need 600–800 IU daily, though those with deficiencies may require higher doses.
3. Lifestyle & Exercise
- Weight-Bearing Exercise: Activities that make your body work against gravity, such as walking, dancing, or low-impact aerobics, help slow bone loss.
- Strength & Balance Training: Resistance training (weights/bands) and balance exercises like Tai Chi or Yoga reduce the risk of falling.
- Habit Modification: Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol (no more than 1–2 drinks a day) are critical, as both accelerate bone loss.
4. Fall Prevention
Preventing a fall is as vital as strengthening the bones themselves.
- Home Safety: Remove loose rugs, improve lighting, and install grab bars in bathrooms.
- Regular Checks: Ensure your vision and hearing are checked regularly, and review medications with your doctor to identify any that cause dizziness.